What is blood cancer?
Blood cancer is a type of cancer that affects the blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system. It occurs when abnormal blood cells grow uncontrollably, disrupting the function of normal blood cells that fight infections, carry oxygen, and stop bleeding.
What are the main types of blood cancer?
The three major types of blood cancer are:
- Leukemia – Affects the blood and bone marrow.
- Lymphoma – Affects the lymphatic system.
- Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma) – Affects plasma cells in the bone marrow.
What causes blood cancer?
The exact cause is often unknown, but risk factors may include:
- Genetic mutations
- Family history of cancer
- Exposure to radiation or harmful chemicals
- Weakened immune system
- Certain viral infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, HIV)
What are the common symptoms of blood cancer?
- Fatigue or weakness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Frequent infections
- Fever or night sweats
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Bone pain or tenderness
How is blood cancer diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Blood tests (CBC, peripheral smear)
- Bone marrow biopsy
- Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scans)
- Genetic and molecular testing
Is blood cancer curable?
Some types of blood cancer are curable, especially if detected early. Others can be managed effectively for many years. Treatment success depends on the type, stage, age, and overall health of the patient.
What are the treatment options for blood cancer?
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Bone marrow or stem cell transplant
- Car-T Cell Therapy
What is a bone marrow transplant?
A bone marrow transplant (also called stem cell transplant) replaces damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. It is often used in cases of leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma.
Can blood cancer return after treatment?
Yes, in some cases, blood cancer may relapse. Regular follow-up care, blood tests, and monitoring are essential even after successful treatment.
How can I reduce my risk of blood cancer?
While not all blood cancers are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:
- Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation
- Not smoking
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
- Managing viral infections promptly
- Regular health checkups if you have a family history
Is blood cancer contagious?
No. Blood cancer is not contagious and cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
